Bibliography for M32080 Youth Crime and Justice BETA

5th report uncrc equality and human - Google Search (2014a). Available at: https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=5th%20report%20uncrc%20equality%20and%20human.

5th report uncrc equality and human - Google Search (2014b). Available at: https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=5th%20report%20uncrc%20equality%20and%20human.

Arthur, R. (2010) Young offenders and the law: how the law responds to youth offending. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

Audit Commission (1998) ‘Briefing: Misspent Youth ’98’. Available at: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20091009065536/audit-commission.gov.uk/products/national-report/7c38f5a0-c744-4362-a6c6-90a12d52258d/archive_misyth98.pdf.

Audit Commission for Local Authorities and the National Health Service in England and Wales (1996) Misspent youth: young people and crime. London: The Commission.

Bateman, T. (2012) ‘Who Pulled the Plug? Towards an Explanation of the Fall in Child Imprisonment in England and Wales’, Youth Justice, 12(1), pp. 36–52. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225411435616.

Bateman, T. (2015) ‘Trends in Detected Youth Crime and Contemporary State Responses’, in Youth crime & justice. 2nd ed. London: SAGE.

Bateman, Tim (2015) Trends in detected youth crime and contemporary state responses. 2nd ed, Youth crime & justice. 2nd ed. London: SAGE.

Best, R. and Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. Select Committee on Communications (2014) Social media and criminal offences: 1st report of session 2014-15. London: Stationery Office.

Bishop, J. (2013) ‘The art of trolling law enforcement: a review and model for implementing ‘flame trolling’ legislation enacted in Great Britain (1981–2012)’, International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 27(3), pp. 301–318. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13600869.2013.796706.

Bottomley, A.K., Pease, K., and Open University (1986) Crime and punishment: interpreting the data. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.

Bottoms, A. (1974) ‘On the Decriminalisation of the English Juvenile Court’, in Crime, criminology and public policy: essays in honour of Sir Leon Radzinowicz. London: Heinemann Educational.

Bowling, Ben and Phillips, C. (2007a) ‘Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search’, Modern Law Review, 70. Available at: http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/modlr70&div=60&start_page=936&collection=journals&set_as_cursor=0&men_tab=srchresults.

Bowling, Ben and Phillips, C. (2007b) ‘Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search’, Modern Law Review, 70. Available at: http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/modlr70&div=60&start_page=936&collection=journals&set_as_cursor=0&men_tab=srchresults.

Braithwaite, J. (1989) Crime, shame, and reintegration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

‘Breaking the Cycle: Effective Punishment, Rehabilitation and Sentencing of Offenders’ (2015). Available at: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120119200607/http:/www.justice.gov.uk/consultations/docs/breaking-the-cycle.pdf.

Briggs, D. (2013a) ‘Conceptualising Risk and Need: The Rise of Actuarialism and the Death of Welfare? Practitioner Assessment and Intervention in the Youth Offending Service’, Youth Justice, 13(1), pp. 17–30. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1365480212474732.

Briggs, D. (2013b) ‘Conceptualising Risk and Need: The Rise of Actuarialism and the Death of Welfare? Practitioner Assessment and Intervention in the Youth Offending Service’, Youth Justice, 13(1), pp. 17–30. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1365480212474732.

Brookman, F. and Pierpoint, H. (2003a) ‘Access to Legal Advice for Young Suspects and remand Prisoners’. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1468-2311.2003.00300.x/epdf.

Brookman, F. and Pierpoint, H. (2003b) ‘Access to Legal Advice for Young Suspects and remand Prisoners’. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1468-2311.2003.00300.x/epdf.

Brotherton, D. (2015) Youth street gangs: a critical appraisal. Abingdon: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=2034079.

Brown, D.C. et al. (1992a) Changing the code: police detention under the revised PACE codes of practice. London: H.M.S.O.

Brown, D.C. et al. (1992b) Changing the code: police detention under the revised PACE codes of practice. London: H.M.S.O.

Brown, S. (2005a) Understanding Youth and Crime. 2nd ed. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=287898.

Brown, S. (2005b) Understanding Youth and Crime. 2nd ed. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=287898.

Bucke, T., Brown, D.C., and Great Britain. Home Office. Research and Statistics Directorate (1997) In police custody: police powers and suspects’ rights under the revised PACE codes of practice. London: Home Office.

Buckels, E.E., Trapnell, P.D. and Paulhus, D.L. (2014) ‘Trolls just want to have fun’, Personality and Individual Differences, 67, pp. 97–102. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.016.

Burnett, R. and Appleton, C. (2004) ‘Joined-Up Services to Tackle Youth Crime: A Case-Study in England’, British Journal of Criminology, 44(1), pp. 34–54. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/44.1.34.

Case, S. (2016a) Negative Youth Justice: Creating the youth crime ‘problem’. Available at: http://www.cycj.org.uk/negative-youth-justice-creating-the-youth-crime-problem/.

Case, S. (2016b) Negative Youth Justice: Creating the youth crime ‘problem’. Available at: http://www.cycj.org.uk/negative-youth-justice-creating-the-youth-crime-problem/.

Case, S. (2016c) Positive youth justice: Solving the youth crime ‘problem’ with children first solutions. Available at: http://www.profstevecase.com/blog/4592945329/Positive-youth-justice-Solving-the-youth-crime-%E2%80%98problem%E2%80%99-with-children-first-solutions/10966715.

Case, S. (2016d) Positive youth justice: Solving the youth crime ‘problem’ with children first solutions. Available at: http://www.profstevecase.com/blog/4592945329/Positive-youth-justice-Solving-the-youth-crime-%E2%80%98problem%E2%80%99-with-children-first-solutions/10966715.

Case, S. and Haines, K. (2015a) ‘Children First, Offenders Second Positive Promotion: Reframing the Prevention Debate’, Youth Justice, 15(3), pp. 226–239. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225414563154.

Case, S. and Haines, K. (2015b) ‘Children First, Offenders Second Positive Promotion: Reframing the Prevention Debate’, Youth Justice, 15(3), pp. 226–239. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225414563154.

Case, Stephen and Haines, K. (2015) ‘Risk Management and Early Intervention: A Critical Analysis’, in Youth crime & justice. 2nd ed. London: SAGE.

Cavadino, M., Dignan, J. and Mair, G. (2013) The penal system: an introduction. 5th ed. London: SAGE.

Cesaroni, C., Downing, S. and Alvi, S. (2012) ‘Bullying Enters the 21st Century? Turning a Critical Eye to Cyber-bullying Research’, Youth Justice, 12(3), pp. 199–211. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225412459837.

‘Chapter 3: Experiences of Crime Among 10 to 15 Year Olds’ (2014a). Available at: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171776_365203.pdf.

‘Chapter 3: Experiences of Crime Among 10 to 15 Year Olds’ (2014b). Available at: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171776_365203.pdf.

‘Chapter 3: Experiences of Crime Among 10 to 15 Year Olds’ (2014c). Available at: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171776_365203.pdf.

Chesney-Lind, M., Shelden, R.G., and ebrary (2014) Girls, delinquency, and juvenile justice. 4th ed. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1563058.

Clarke, J., Newman, J., and ebrary, Inc (1997) The managerial state: power, politics and ideology in the remaking of social welfare. London: SAGE Publications. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1024075.

Clinks website (no date). Available at: http://www.clinks.org/.

Cohen, A.K. (1955) Delinquent boys: the culture of the gang. New York: Free Press.

Cohen, S. (1985) Visions of social control: crime, punishment and classification. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Cohen, S. (2011a) Folk devils and moral panics: the creation of the mods and rockers. London: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=684015.

Cohen, S. (2011b) Folk devils and moral panics: the creation of the mods and rockers. London: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=684015.

Corston, B.J. (2007) ‘The Corston Report’. Available at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/publications/docs/corston-report-march-2007.pdf.

Crawford, A., Crawford, Adam and Newburn, T. (2002) ‘Recent Developments in Restorative Justice for Young People in England and Wales: Community Participation and Representation’, British Journal of Criminology, 42(3), pp. 476–495. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/42.3.476.

Cunneen, C. and Goldson, B. (2015) ‘Restorative Justice? A Critical Analysis’, in Youth crime & justice. 2nd ed. London: SAGE.

‘D. Lammy (2016) My Review of BAME Representation in the Criminal Justice System – Speech. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/my-review-of-bame-representation-in-the-criminal-justice-’ (no date).

Daly, K. (2002) ‘Restorative justice: The real story’, Punishment & Society, 4(1), pp. 55–79. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/14624740222228464.

Daly, K. (2006a) ‘The Limits of Restorative Justice’. Available at: http://www.antoniocasella.eu/restorative/Daly_2005.pdf.

Daly, K. (2006b) ‘The Limits of Restorative Justice’. Available at: http://www.antoniocasella.eu/restorative/Daly_2005.pdf.

Deakin, J. (2006a) ‘Dangerous People, Dangerous Places: The Nature and Location of Young People’s Victimisation and Fear’, Children <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Society, 20(5), pp. 376–390. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.2006.00011.x.

Deakin, J. (2006b) ‘Dangerous People, Dangerous Places: The Nature and Location of Young People’s Victimisation and Fear’, Children <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Society, 20(5), pp. 376–390. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.2006.00011.x.

Dignan, J. (2007) ‘Juvenile Justice, Criminal Courts and Restorative Justice’, in Handbook of restorative justice. Cullompton [England]: Willan. Available at: http://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781843926191.

Downes, D.M. (1966) The delinquent solution: a study in subcultural theory. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Dünkel, F. and Dunkel, F. (2014a) Juvenile justice systems in Europe: current situation and reform developments. Mönchengladbach: Forum Verlag Godesberg.

Dünkel, F. and Dunkel, F. (2014b) Juvenile justice systems in Europe: current situation and reform developments. Mönchengladbach: Forum Verlag Godesberg.

‘Dying to Belong: An In-depth Review of Street Gangs in Britain’ (2009a). Available at: http://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/core/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/DyingtoBelongFullReport.pdf.

‘Dying to Belong: An In-depth Review of Street Gangs in Britain’ (2009b). Available at: http://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/core/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/DyingtoBelongFullReport.pdf.

Earle, R. (2001) ‘Creative Tensions? Young Offenders, Restorative Justice and the Introduction        of Referral Orders’, Youth Justice, 1(3), pp. 3–13. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/147322540100100302.

‘Ending Gang and Youth Violence Programme Annual Report 2014/2015’ (2015a). Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/412233/Ending_gang_and_youth_violence_2_.pdf.

‘Ending Gang and Youth Violence Programme Annual Report 2014/2015’ (2015b). Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/412233/Ending_gang_and_youth_violence_2_.pdf.

Equality and Human Rights Commission (2010) ‘Stop and Think: A Critical Review of the Use of Stop and Search Powers in England and Wales’. Available at: http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/documents/raceinbritain/ehrc_stop_and_search_report.pdf.

Equality and Human Rights Commission (2012) ‘Race Disproportionality in Stops and Searches under Section 60 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994’. Available at: http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/documents/research/bp_5_final.pdf.

Feeley, M. and Simon, J. (1994) ‘Actuarial Justice: The Emerging New Criminal Law’, in The futures of criminology. London: Sage.

Feilzer, M. and Hood, R. (2004) ‘Differences or Discrimination? The Summary of the Report on Minority Ethnic Young People in the Youth Justice System’. Available at: http://yjbpublications.justice.gov.uk/Resources/Downloads/Differences%20or%20Discrimination%20-%20Summary.pdf.

Feld, B.C. (2013a) Kids, cops, and confessions: inside the interrogation room. New York: New York University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1057773.

Feld, B.C. (2013b) Kids, cops, and confessions: inside the interrogation room. New York: New York University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1057773.

Fionda, J. (2005a) Devils and angels: youth, policy and crime. Oxford: Hart.

Fionda, J. (2005b) Devils and angels: youth, policy and crime. Oxford: Hart.

Fionda, J. (2005c) Devils and angels: youth, policy and crime. Oxford: Hart.

Fionda, J. (2005d) Devils and angels: youth, policy and crime. Oxford: Hart.

Fitzgerald, M. (2013) ‘Race, Ethnicity and Crime’, in Criminology. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Flood-Page, C. et al. (2000) ‘Youth crime: Findings from the 1998/99 Youth Lifestyles Survey.  Home Office Research Study No. 209’. Available at: http://kb.keepbritaintidy.org/criminaldamage/publications/ylife.pdf.

Garland, D. (2001) The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Gavin Berman (2012a) ‘The August 2011 riots: a statistical summary’. Available at: http://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/SN06099.

Gavin Berman (2012b) ‘The August 2011 riots: a statistical summary’. Available at: http://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/SN06099.

Gelsthorpe, Loraine and Kemp, V. (2015a) ‘Juvenile Justice: England and Wales’, in Juvenile justice: international perspectives, models, and trends. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1604451.

Gelsthorpe, Loraine and Kemp, V. (2015b) ‘Juvenile Justice: England and Wales’, in Juvenile justice: international perspectives, models, and trends. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1604451.

Gelsthorpe, L. and Kemp, V. (2015) ‘Juvenile Justice: England and Wales’, in Juvenile justice: international perspectives, models, and trends. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, pp. 348–350. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1604451.

Gelsthorpe, L. and Morris, A. (1994) ‘Juvenile Justice 1945-1992’, in The Oxford handbook of criminology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Gilroy, P. (1987) ‘The Myth of Black Criminality’, in Law, order and the authoritarian state: readings in critical criminology. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.

‘Girls in the Criminal Justice System’ (2014a). Available at: http://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprobation/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/12/Girls-in-the-Criminal-Justice-System.pdf.

‘Girls in the Criminal Justice System’ (2014b). Available at: http://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprobation/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/12/Girls-in-the-Criminal-Justice-System.pdf.

Goldson, B. (2011a) ‘Youth in Crisis?’, in Youth in crisis?: ‘gangs’, territoriality and violence. London: Routledge.

Goldson, B. (2011b) Youth in crisis?: ‘gangs’, territoriality and violence. London: Routledge.

Goldson, B. (2013) ‘“Unsafe, Unjust and Harmful to Wider Society”: Grounds for Raising the Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility in England and Wales’, Youth Justice, 13(2), pp. 111–130. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225413492054.

Goldson, B. (2015) ‘The circular motions of penal politics and the pervasive irrationalities of child imprisonment’, in Youth crime & justice. 2nd ed. London: SAGE.

Goldson, B. and Muncie, J. (2015) ‘Children’s Human Rights and Youth Justice with Integrity’, in Youth crime & justice. 2nd ed. London: SAGE.

Goldson, Barry and Muncie, J. (2015a) ‘Children’s Human Rights and Youth Justice with Integrity’, in Youth crime & justice. 2nd ed. London: SAGE.

Goldson, Barry and Muncie, J. (2015b) Youth crime & justice. 2nd ed. London: SAGE.

Goshe, S. (2015a) ‘Moving Beyond the Punitive Legacy: Taking Stock of Persistent Problems in Juvenile Justice’, Youth Justice, 15(1), pp. 42–56. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225414537930.

Goshe, S. (2015b) ‘Moving Beyond the Punitive Legacy: Taking Stock of Persistent Problems in Juvenile Justice’, Youth Justice, 15(1), pp. 42–56. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225414537930.

Goshe, S. (2015c) ‘Moving Beyond the Punitive Legacy: Taking Stock of Persistent Problems in Juvenile Justice’, Youth Justice, 15(1), pp. 42–56. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225414537930.

Graham, J. and Bowling, B. (no date) ‘Young people and crime.  Home Office Research Study No. 145’. Available at: http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/17550/1/a3814uab.pdf.

Great Britain. Home Office and Home Office (1997) ‘No more excuses: a new approach to tackling youth crime in England and Wales’. London: Stationery Office.

‘Guidance for Appropriate Adults’ (2013a). Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/117625/guidanceappadultscustody.pdf.

‘Guidance for Appropriate Adults’ (2013b). Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/117625/guidanceappadultscustody.pdf.

Haines, K. and Case, S. (2012a) ‘Is the Scaled Approach a Failed Approach?’, Youth Justice, 12(3), pp. 212–228. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225412461212.

Haines, K. and Case, S. (2012b) ‘Is the Scaled Approach a Failed Approach?’, Youth Justice, 12(3), pp. 212–228. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225412461212.

Haines, K. and Case, S. (2015a) Positive youth justice - Children first, offenders second. Available at: https://policypress.co.uk/positive-youth-justice.

Haines, K. and Case, S. (2015b) Positive youth justice - Children first, offenders second. Available at: https://policypress.co.uk/positive-youth-justice.

Haines, K. and Drakeford, M. (1998) Young people and youth justice. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Haines, K. and O’Mahoney, D. (2006) ‘Restorative Approaches, Young People and Youth Justice’, in Youth crime and justice: critical issues. London: Sage.

Hall, S. (1978) Policing the crisis: mugging, the state, and law and order. London: Macmillan.

Hall, S., Jefferson, T., and MyiLibrary (2006) Resistance through rituals: youth subcultures in post-war Britain. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=356177.

Hallsworth, S. (2011a) ‘Gangland Britain? Realities, Fantasies and Industry’, in Youth in crisis?: ‘gangs’, territoriality and violence. Abingdon: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=668411.

Hallsworth, S. (2011b) ‘Gangland Britain? Realities, Fantasies and Industry’, in Youth in crisis?: ‘gangs’, territoriality and violence. Abingdon: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=668411.

Hallsworth, S. (2014) ‘Gang Talking Criminologists: A Rejoinder to John Pitts’, Youth and Policy [Preprint]. Available at: http://www.youthandpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/hallsworth.pdf.

Hallsworth, S. and Brotherton, D. (2011) ‘Urban Disorder and Gangs: A Critique and a Warning’. Available at: http://www.runnymedetrust.org/uploads/publications/pdfs/UrbanDisorderandGangs-2011.pdf.

Hazel, N. (2008) ‘Cross-National Comparison of Youth Justice’. London: YJB. Available at: http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/7996/1/Cross_national_final.pdf.

Hazel, N., Hagell, A. and Brazier, L. (2002a) ‘Young Offenders’ Perceptions of their Experiences in the Criminal Justice System’. Available at: http://www.researchcatalogue.esrc.ac.uk/grants/R000223427/outputs/read/b4c4c178-9fab-40e9-9d9f-d1b575fd34d8.

Hazel, N., Hagell, A. and Brazier, L. (2002b) ‘Young Offenders’ Perceptions of their Experiences in the Criminal Justice System’. Available at: http://www.researchcatalogue.esrc.ac.uk/grants/R000223427/outputs/read/b4c4c178-9fab-40e9-9d9f-d1b575fd34d8.

Heidensohn, F. and Silvestri, M. (2012) ‘Gender and Crime’, in The Oxford handbook of criminology. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hendrick, H. (1997) ‘Constructions and Reconstructions of British childhood: an Interpretative Survey, 1800 to the Present’, in Constructing and reconstructing childhood: contemporary issues in the sociological study of childhood. 2nd ed. London: RoutledgeFalmer. Available at: http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Nottingham&amp;isbn=9780203362600.

Hendrick, H. (2015) ‘Histories of Youth Crime and Youth Justice’, in Youth crime & justice. 2nd ed. London: SAGE.

Hoare, J. et al. (2011) ‘Children’s experience and attitudes towards the police, personal safety and public spaces: Findings from the 2009/10 British Crime Survey interviews with children aged 10 to 15’. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/116447/hosb0811.pdf.

Hoare, J. et al. (no date) ‘Children’s experiences and attitudes towards the police, personal safety and public safety: Findings from the 2009/10 British Crime Survey’. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/116447/hosb0811.pdf.

Hodgson, J. (1997a) ‘Vulnerable suspects and the appropriate adult’, criminal Law Review, (11), pp. 785–795.

Hodgson, J. (1997b) ‘Vulnerable suspects and the appropriate adult’, criminal Law Review, (11), pp. 785–795.

Hodgson, J. and Kemp, V. (2015) ‘Ensuring “Appropriate” Protections for Young Suspects’, in Interrogating young suspects : procedural safeguards from a legal perspective. Intersentia.

Hood, R., Great Britain. Commission for Racial Equality, and University of Oxford. Centre for Criminological Research (1992) Race and sentencing. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Hope, T. (2013) ‘What do Crime Statistics Tell Us?’, in Criminology. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ian Brownlee (1998) ‘New Labour: New Penology? Punitive Rhetoric and the Limits of Managerialism in Criminal Justice Policy’, Journal of Law and Society, 25(3), pp. 313–335. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1410622?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

John, M. (2008a) ‘The “punitive” turn in juvenile justice: cultures of control and rights compliance in western Europe and the USA’. Available at: http://oro.open.ac.uk/11931/.

John, M. (2008b) ‘The “punitive” turn in juvenile justice: cultures of control and rights compliance in western Europe and the USA’. Available at: http://oro.open.ac.uk/11931/.

JOHN PRATT (1989) ‘CORPORATISM: THE THIRD MODEL OF JUVENILE JUSTICE’, British Journal of Criminology, 29(3), pp. 236–254. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/23638362.

Johnstone, G. and Van Ness, D.W. (2007) Handbook of restorative justice. Cullompton [England]: Willan. Available at: http://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781843926191.

Jones, T. et al. (1986) The Islington crime survey: crime, victimization and policing in inner-city London. Aldershot: Gower.

Kelly, L. and Armitage, V. (2015a) ‘Diverse Diversions: Youth Justice Reform, Localized Practices, and a “New Interventionist Diversion”?’, Youth Justice, 15(2), pp. 117–133. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225414558331.

Kelly, L. and Armitage, V. (2015b) ‘Diverse Diversions: Youth Justice Reform, Localized Practices, and a “New Interventionist Diversion”?’, Youth Justice, 15(2), pp. 117–133. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225414558331.

Kemp, V. et al. (2002) Assessing_Responses_to_Youth_Offending_in_Northamptonshire. Available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.597.248&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf.

Kemp, V. (2012a) ‘Bridewell Legal Advice Study: Interim Report’. Available at: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28246/1/Kemp%20BLAST%20Interim%20Report.pdf.

Kemp, V. (2012b) ‘Bridewell Legal Advice Study: Interim Report’. Available at: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28246/1/Kemp%20BLAST%20Interim%20Report.pdf.

Kemp, V. (2013a) ‘“No time for a solicitor”: implications for delays on the take-up of legal advice’, Criminal Law Review [Preprint]. Available at: http://login.westlaw.co.uk/maf/wluk/app/document?src=doc&amp;linktype=ref&amp;context=24&amp;crumb-action=replace&amp;docguid=IC8F1365171A511E29E1FF9BD6D9CE416.

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Smart, C. (2013b) Women, crime and criminology: a feminist critique. London: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1474852.

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Webster, C. and ebrary, Inc (2007b) Understanding race and crime. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Open University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=316339.

Wilcox, A., Young, R. and Hoyle, C. (2004) ‘Two-year Resanctioning Study: A comparison of Restorative and Traditional Cautions’. Available at: https://www.restorativejustice.org.uk/sites/default/files/resources/files/Two%20Year%20Resanctioning%20Study%20a%20comparison%20on%20restorative%20and%20traditional%20cautions.pdf.

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Young, S. et al. (2013a) ‘The effectiveness of police custody assessments in identifying suspects with intellectual disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder’, BMC Medicine, 11(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-248.

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