Algeo, J. and Pyles, T. (2010) The origins and development of the English language. International ed., 6th ed. Boston, Mass: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Amos, A.C. et al. (2003) DOE: Dictionary of Old English A-F. Version 1.0, Windows version. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.
Armitage, L. (1911) An introduction to the study of Old High German. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Ausenda, G. and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Social Stress (1995) After empire: towards an ethnology of Europe’s barbarians. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
Auwera, J. van der and König, E. (1994) The Germanic languages. London: Routledge.
Baker, P.S. and ebrary, Inc (2012) Introduction to Old English. 3rd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=827175.
Baldi, P. (1983) An introduction to the Indo-European languages. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Bammesberger, A. (1992) ‘The Place of English in Germanic and Indo-European’, in The Cambridge history of the English language volume I: The Beginnings to 1066. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Barber, C.C. (1951) An Old High German reader: with notes, list of proper names, and vocabulary. Oxford: Blackwell.
Barber, C.L., Beal, J.C. and Shaw, P.A. (2012) The English language: a historical introduction. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Barnes, M.P. and Viking Society for Northern Research (2008) A new introduction to Old Norse: Part I: Grammar. 3rd ed. [London]: Viking Society for Northern Research.
Barney, S.A. (1977) Word-hoard: an introduction to Old English vocabulary. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Bata, A., Gwara, S. and Porter, D.W. (1997) Anglo-Saxon conversations: the Colloquies of Aelfric Bata. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
Bately, J. (1994) ‘An Alfredian Legacy? On the Fortunes and Fate of some Items of Boethian Vocabulary in Old English’, in From Anglo-Saxon to early middle English: studies presented to E.G. Stanley. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 8–32.
Baugh, A.C. and Cable, T. (2002) A history of the English language. 5th ed. London: Routledge.
Beekes, R.S.P., Vaan, M.A.C. de, and ebrary, Inc (2011) Comparative Indo-European linguistics: an introduction. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=794520.
Behaghel, O. and Taeger, B. (1996) Heliand: und, Genesis. 10., überarb. Aufl. Tübingen: M. Niemeyer.
Bennett, W.H. (1965) An introduction to the Gothic language. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor: Ulrich’s Books.
Benskin, M. (2004) ‘Chancery Standard’, in New Perspectives on English Historical Linguistics: Selected papers from 12 ICEHL, Glasgow, 21-26 August 2002. Volume II: Lexis and Transmission. 1st ed. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 1–40. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=622909.
Björkman, E. (1900) Scandinavian loan-words in Middle English. Halle a. S.: Max Niemeyer.
Blake, N.F. (1996) A history of the English language. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Bosworth, J. and Toller, T.N. (1882) BT: An Anglo-Saxon dictionary: based on the manuscript collections of the late Joseph Bosworth. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Boutkan, D. and Siebinga, S.M. (2005) Old Frisian etymological dictionary. Leiden: Brill.
Bremmer, R.H. (1988) ‘The Old Frisian component in Holthausen’s Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch’, Anglo-Saxon England, 17. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263675100003987.
Brook, G.L. (1965) English dialects. 2nd ed. London: Andre Deutsch.
Bruce Mitchell and Fred C. Robinson (2011a) Guide to Old English. 8th edn. Wiley. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=819156.
Bruce Mitchell and Fred C. Robinson (2011b) Guide to Old English. 8th edn. Wiley. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=819156.
Brunner, K. and Johnston, G. (1963) An outline of Middle English grammar. Oxford: Blackwell.
Burnley, J.D. (1989) ‘Sources of Standardisation in Later Middle English’, in Standardizing English: essays in the history of language change, in honor of John Hurt Fisher. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, pp. 23–41.
Burnley, J.D. (2000) The history of the English language: a source book. 2nd ed. Harlow: Longman.
Burnley, J.D. (2003) ‘French and Frenches in Fourteenth-Century London’, in Language contact in the history of English. 2nd, rev. ed edn. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, pp. 17–34.
Burrow, J.A. and Turville-Petre, T. (2005) A book of Middle English. 3rd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. Available at: http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Nottingham&isbn=9781118305973.
Cameron, A., Kingsmill, A. and Amos, A.C. (1983) Old English word studies: a preliminary author and word index. Toronto: Published in association with the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto by University of Toronto Press.
Cameron, A.F. (1974) ‘Middle English in Old English Manuscripts’, in Chaucer and Middle English studies in honour of Rossell Hope Robbins. London: Allen & Unwin, pp. 218–229.
Cameron, K. (1996) English place names. New ed. London: Batsford.
Campbell, A. (1959) Old English grammar. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Campbell, A., Bosworth, J. and Toller, T.N. (1972) An Anglo-Saxon dictionary: based on the manuscript collections of the late Joseph Bosworth. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Carroll, J., Parsons, D.N., and English Place-Name Society (2013) Perceptions of place: twenty-first-century interpretations of English place-name studies. Nottingham: English Place-Name Society.
CATHEY, J.E. (2002) Heliand: Text and Commentary. 1st ed. Les Ulis: West Virginia University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3417020.
Clark, C. (1952) ‘Studies in the Vocabulary of the Peterborough Chronicle, 1070–1154’, English and Germanic studies, 5, pp. 67–89. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=46e3417a-8dcb-e711-80cd-005056af4099.
Clark, C. (1957) ‘Gender in the Peterborough Chronicle, 1070–1154’, English studies, 38, pp. 109–115.
Cleasby, R., Dasent, G.W., and Guðbrandur Vigfússon (1874) An Icelandic-English dictionary: based on the ms. collections of the late Richard Cleasby. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Coates, R. (2006) ‘Names, from A history of the English language’, in A history of the English language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 312–351. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=256579.
Comrie, B. (1990) The major languages of Western Europe. London: Routledge.
Crystal, D. (2003) The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dance, R. (2003) Words derived from Old Norse in early Middle English: studies in the vocabulary of the South-West Midland texts. Tempe, Ariz: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies.
Delamarre, X. (1984) Le vocabulaire indo-européen: lexique étymologique thématique. Paris: Librairie d’Amérique et d’Orient.
Denison, D. (1985) ‘The Origins of Completive up in English’, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 86, pp. 37–61. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=55be1f99-e2cd-e711-80cd-005056af4099.
Denison, D. (1993) English historical syntax: verbal constructions. London: Longman.
Derolez, R. (1996) ‘Genesis: Old Saxon and Old English’, English studies, 76, pp. 409–425.
Dictionary of Old English (no date). Available at: https://www.doe.utoronto.ca/pages/index.html.
Dictionary of the Scots Language :: Home (no date). Available at: http://www.dsl.ac.uk/.
Doane, A.N. (1991) The Saxon Genesis: an edition of the West Saxon Genesis B and the Old Saxon Vatican Genesis. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press.
Durkin, P. and ProQuest (Firm) (2009) The Oxford guide to etymology. Oxford, [England]: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=472247.
Earle, J. et al. (1892) Two of the Saxon chronicles parallel: with supplementary extracts from the others : a revised text. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Ekwall, E. (1960) The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names. 4th ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Faulkes, A., Barnes, M.P., and Viking Society for Northern Research (2007) A new introduction to Old Norse: Part III: Glossary and index of names. 4th ed. [London]: Viking Society for Northern Research.
Faulkes, A. and Viking Society for Northern Research (2011) A new introduction to Old Norse: Part II: Reader. 5th ed. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, University College London.
Fennell, B.A. (2001) A history of English: a sociolinguistic approach. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Field, J. (1980) Place-names of Great Britain and Ireland. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.
Fischer, A. (1996) ‘The Vocabulary of Very Late Old English’, in Studies in English language & literature: ’doubt wisely’ : papers in honour of E.G. Stanley. London: Routledge, pp. 29–41.
Fischer, A. (2003) ‘Lexical Borrowing and the History of English: A Typology of Typologies’, in Language contact in the history of English. 2nd, rev. ed edn. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, pp. 97–115.
Fischer, O. and Fischer, O. (2000) The syntax of early English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://nottingham-uk.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=9474593550005561&institutionId=5561&customerId=5560.
Fisher, J.H. (1977) ‘Chancery and the Emergence of Standard Written English in the Fifteenth Century’, Speculum, 52(4), pp. 870–899. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/2855378.
Fisher, J.H. (1979) ‘Chancery Standard and Modern Written English’, Journal of the Society of Archivists, 6, pp. 136–144. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=0cddfc1a-aeca-e711-80cd-005056af4099.
Fisiak, J. (1995) ‘Middle English is a Creole and Its Opposite: On the Value of Plausible Speculation’, in Linguistic Change under Contact Conditions. 1st ed. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, Inc, pp. 35–50. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=935907.
Fortson, B.W. (2010) Indo-European language and culture: an introduction. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Frank, R. (1994) ‘Poetic Words in Late Old English Prose’, in From Anglo-Saxon to early middle English: studies presented to E.G. Stanley. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 87–107.
Freeborn, D. (2006a) From Old English to standard English: a coursebook in language variation across time. 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Freeborn, D. (2006b) From Old English to standard English: a coursebook in language variation across time. 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Garmonsway, G.N. and Aelfric (1939) Ælfric’s Colloquy. London: Methuen.
Gelling, M. (1977) ‘Latin loan-words in Old English place-names’, Anglo-Saxon England, 6, pp. 1–13. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263675100000910.
Gelling, M. (1984) Place-names in the landscape. London: Dent.
Gillies, W. (1994) ‘The Celtic Languages: Some Current and Some Neglected Questions’, in Speaking in our tongues: proceedings of a colloquium on medieval dialectology and related disciplines. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, pp. 139–147.
Gneuss, H. (1955) Lehnbildungen und Lehnbedeutungen im Altenglischen. [Berlin]: Erich Schmidt.
Gneuss, H. (1986) ‘King Alfred and the Anglo-Saxon Libraries’, in Modes of interpretation in old English literature: essays in honour of Stanley B. Greenfield. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 29–49.
Gneuss, H. (1994a) ‘A Grammarian’s Greek-Latin Glossary’, in From Anglo-Saxon to early middle English: studies presented to E.G. Stanley. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 60–86.
Gneuss, H. (1994b) ‘Language Contact in Early Medieval England: Latin and Old English’, in Speaking in our tongues: proceedings of a colloquium on medieval dialectology and related disciplines. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, pp. 149–157.
Gneuss, H. (1996a) ‘Anglicae linguae interpretatio: Language Contact, Lexical Borrowing and Glossing in Anglo-Saxon England’, Sir Israel Gollancz Memorial Lecture 1992’, in Language and history in early England. Aldershot: Variorum.
Gneuss, H. (1996b) Language and history in early England. Aldershot: Variorum.
Gneuss, H. (1996c) ‘Latin Loans in Old English: A Note on their Inflectional Morphology, VI’, in Language and history in early England. Aldershot: Variorum, pp. 1–12.
Gneuss, H. (1996d) ‘The Origin of Standard Old English and Æthelwold’s School at Winchester’, in Language and history in early England. Aldershot: Variorum.
Gneuss, H. (2001) Handlist of Anglo-Saxon manuscripts: a list of manuscripts and manuscript fragments written or owned in England up to 1100. Tempe, Ariz: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies.
Gneuss, H. (2003) ‘The Study of Language in Anglo-Saxon England’, in Textual and material culture in Anglo-Saxon England: Thomas Northcote Toller and the Toller Memorial Lectures. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer.
Gordon, E.V. and Taylor, A.R. (1957) An introduction to Old Norse. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Gorlach, M. (1986) ‘Middle English: a Creole?’, in Linguistics across historical and geographical boundaries, in honour of Jacek Fisiak on the occasion of his fiftieth birthday. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 329–344. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3045016.
Green, D.H. (1998) Language and history in the early Germanic world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gretsch, M. (2001) ‘Winchester vocabulary and Standard Old English: the vernacular in late Anglo-Saxon England’, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, 83(1), pp. 41–87. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7227/BJRL.83.1.3.
Hall, J.R.C. and Meritt, H.D. (1966) A concise Anglo-Saxon dictionary. 4th ed. Cambridge: University Press.
Healey, A.D. et al. (1980) OEC: A microfiche concordance to Old English. Toronto: Published for The Dictionary of Old English Project, Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto by the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.
Hill, J. (2001) ‘Lexical Choices for Holy Week: Studies in Old English Ecclesiastical Vocabulary’, in Lexis and texts in early English: studies presented to Jane Roberts. Amsterdam: Rodopi, pp. 117–127.
Hoad, T. (1994) ‘Old English Weak Genitive Plural -an: Towards Establishing the Evidence’, in From Anglo-Saxon to early middle English: studies presented to E.G. Stanley. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 108–129.
Hofstetter, W. (1988) ‘Winchester and the standardization of Old English vocabulary’, Anglo-Saxon England, 17. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263675100004051.
Hogg, R. (1998) ‘On the Ideological Boundaries of Old English Dialects’, in Advances in English historical linguistics (1996). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 107–118.
Hogg, R. (2012) An Introduction To Old English. Edinburgh University Press.
Hogg, R.M. et al. (1992a) ‘Onomastics’, in The Cambridge history of the English language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hogg, R.M. et al. (1992b) The Cambridge history of the English language volume I: The Beginnings to 1066. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hogg, R.M. et al. (1992c) The Cambridge history of the English language volume II: 1066–1476. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hogg, R.M. and Denison, D. (2006) A history of the English language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=256579.
Holthausen, F. (1963) Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 2., bis auf das Literaturverzeichnis unveränderte Aufl. Heidelberg: Winter.
Holthausen, F. (1967) Altsächsisches Wörterbuch. 2. unveränderte Aufl. Köln: Böhlau.
Home : Oxford English Dictionary (no date). Available at: http://www.oed.com/.
Hopper, P.J. (1AD) The Syntax of the Simple Sentence in Proto-Germanic. Mouton de Gruyter. Available at: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Syntax-Simple-Sentence-Proto-Germanic/dp/9027932824/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1505217200&sr=1-1&keywords=The+Syntax+of+the+Simple+Sentence+in+Proto-Germanic.
Horobin, S. and Smith, J.J. (2002) An introduction to Middle English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Hough, C. and Izdebska, D. (2016) The Oxford handbook of names and naming. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hughes, G. (2000) A history of English words. Oxford: Blackwell.
Irvine, S. and Bodleian Library (2004) The Anglo-Saxon chronicle: a collaborative edition, Volume 7: MS. E : a semi-diplomatic edition with introduction and indices. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer.
Jordan, R. and Crook, E.J. (1974) Handbook of middle English grammar: phonology. The Hague: Mouton.
Kahlas-Tarkka, L. (2000) ‘A Note on Non-Standard Uses in Middle English: Weak Preterites of Strong Old English Verbs’, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 101, pp. 217–223. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=5b138c1c-f9c9-e711-80cd-005056af4099.
Kastovsky, D. (1992a) ‘Semantics and Vocabulary’, in The Cambridge history of the English language volume I: The Beginnings to 1066. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 290–408.
Kastovsky, D. (1992b) ‘Semantics and Vocabulary’, in The Cambridge history of the English language volume I: The Beginnings to 1066. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 320–336.
Kay, C. and Kay, C. (2009) Historical thesaurus of the Oxford English dictionary: with additional material from A thesaurus of Old English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Keenan, E.L. (2002) ‘Explaining the Creation of Reflexive Pronouns in English’, in Studies in the History of the English Language: A Millennial Perspective. 1st ed. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, Inc, pp. 325–354. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=325655.
Kelly, S. (1990) ‘Anglo-Saxon Lay Society and the Written Word’, in The uses of literacy in early mediaeval Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 36–62.
van Kememade, A. (2002) ‘Word Order in Old English Prose and Poetry: the Position of Finite Verbs and Adverbs’, in Studies in the History of the English Language: A Millennial Perspective. 1st ed. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, Inc, pp. 355–371. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=325655.
van Kememade, J.-H. (2002) ‘The "Have” Perfect in Old English’, in Studies in the History of the English Language: A Millennial Perspective. 1st ed. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, Inc, pp. 373–397. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=325655.
Ker, N.R. (1957) Catalogue of manuscripts containing Anglo-Saxon. [Reissued with supplement]. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Keynes, S. and Lapidge, M. (1983) Alfred the Great: Asser’s Life of Alfred and other contemporary sources. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Kibbee, D.A. (1991) For to Speke Frenche Trewely: The French language in England, 1000-1600. Its status, description and instruction. 1st ed. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=784282.
Kitson, P. (1997) ‘When Did Middle English Begin? Later than You Think!, from: Middle English linguistics’, in Studies in Middle English linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 220–269.
Kretzschmar, W.A. (2002) ‘Dialectology and the History of the English Language’, in Studies in the History of the English Language: A Millennial Perspective. 1st ed. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, Inc, pp. 79–108. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=325655.
Kristensson, G. (1967) A survey of Middle English dialects, 1290-1350: the six northern counties and Lincolnshire. Lund: C.W.K. Gleerup.
Kristensson, G. (1995) A survey of Middle English dialects, 1290-1350: the East Midland counties. Lund: Lund University Press.
Kurath, H., Kuhn, S.M. and Lewis, R.E. (1952) MED: Middle English dictionary. Ann Arbor, Mich: University of Michigan Press.
Laing, M. et al. (1994) Speaking in our tongues: proceedings of a colloquium on medieval dialectology and related disciplines. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer.
Lapidge, M. (1975) ‘The hermeneutic style in tenth-century Anglo-Latin literature’, Anglo-Saxon England, 4, pp. 67–111. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263675100002726.
Lapidge, M. (1986) ‘The school of Theodore and Hadrian’, Anglo-Saxon England, 15. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263675100003689.
Lapidge, M. (2006) The Anglo-Saxon Library. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Incorporated. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=422645.
Lass, R. (1987) The shape of English: structure and history. London: Dent.
Lass, R. (1994) Old English: a historical linguistic companion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://nottingham-uk.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=9474633510005561&institutionId=5561&customerId=5560.
Lass, R. (2000) ‘Language Periodization and the Concept "Middle”’, in Placing Middle English in context. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 7–41.
Lass, R. and Anderson, J.M. (1975) Old English phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lehmann, W.P. (1966) ‘The Grouping of the Germanic Languages’, in Ancient Indo-European dialects: proceedings of the conference...held at the University of California, Los Angeles, April 25-27, 1963. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Lehmann, W.P. (1974) Proto-Indo-European syntax. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Lehmann, W.P. and Linguistic Society of America (1955) Proto-Indo-European phonology. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Lendinara, P. (1997) ‘The Kentish Laws’, in The Anglo-Saxons from the Migration period to the eighth century: an ethnographic perspective. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, pp. 211–243.
Lendinara, P. (1999) Anglo-Saxon glosses and glossaries. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate.
Lenker, U. (2000) ‘Soþlice and witodlice: Discourse Markers in Old English’, in Pathways of Change: Grammaticalization in English. 1st ed. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 229–249. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=622947.
Lockwood, W.B. (1968) Historical German syntax. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Lockwood, W.B. (1969) Indo-European philology, historical and comparative. London: Hutchinson.
Lockwood, W.B. (1972) A panorama of Indo-European languages. London: Hutchinson university library.
Machan, T.W. (2003) English in the Middle Ages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mallory, J.P. (1989) In search of the Indo-Europeans: language, archaeology and myth. London: Thames and Hudson.
Marsden, R. (2005) ‘Latin in the Ascendant: The Interlinear Gloss of Laud Misc. 509’, in Latin learning and English lore: studies in Anglo-Saxon literature for Michael Lapidge. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 132–152.
Marsden, R. (2015) The Cambridge Old English reader. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Matthews, C.M. (1972) Place names of the English-speaking world. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
McArthur, T. and McArthur, F. (1992) The Oxford companion to the English Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
McCully, C.B., Hilles, S., and ProQuest (Firm) (2014a) The earliest English: an introduction to Old English language. London, [England]: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=4386880.
McCully, C.B., Hilles, S., and ProQuest (Firm) (2014b) The earliest English: an introduction to Old English language. London, [England]: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=4386880.
Mills, A.D. and Mills, A.D. (2003) A dictionary of British place-names. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199609086.001.0001/acref-9780199609086.
Mitchell, B. (1964) ‘Syntax and Word-Order in the Peterborough Chronicle 1122–1154’, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 65, pp. 113–144.
Mitchell, B. (1985) Old English syntax, 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Mitchell, B. (1994) ‘The Englishness of Old English’, in From Anglo-Saxon to early middle English: studies presented to E.G. Stanley. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 163–181.
Morrish, J. (1986a) ‘King Alfred’s Letter as a Source on Learning in England in the Ninth Century’, in Studies in earlier Old English prose: sixteen original contributions. Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 87–107.
Morrish, J. (1986b) ‘King Alfred’s Letter as a Source on Learning in England in the Ninth Century’, in Studies in earlier Old English prose: sixteen original contributions. Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 87–107.
Mossé, F. (1968) A handbook of Middle English. 5th print., corr.augm. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
Murphy, G.R. (1992) The Heliand: the Saxon Gospel : a translation and commentary. New York: Oxford University Press.
Musset, L. (1975) The Germanic invasions: the making of Europe, AD 400-600. London: Elek.
Nielsen, H.F. (1981) Old English and the continental Germanic languages: a survey of morphological and phonological interrelations. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck.
Nielsen, H.F. (1989) The Germanic languages: origins and early dialectal interrelations. Tuscaloosa, Ala: University of Alabama Press.
Nielsen, H.F. (1998) The continental backgrounds of English and its insular development until 1154. Odense [Denmark]: Odense University Press.
Onions, C.T., Friedrichsen, G.W.S. and Burchfield, R.W. (1996) The Oxford dictionary of English etymology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Opland, J. (1980) ‘From Horseback to Monastic Cell: The Impact on English Literature, from: Introduction of WritingOld English literature in context: ten essays’, in Old English literature in context: ten essays. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, pp. 30–43.
Orel, V.E. and Orel, V.E. (2003) handbook of Germanic etymology. 1st ed. Leiden: BRILL. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=253588.
Oswald J. L. Szemerenyi (no date) Introduction to Indo-European Linguistics. Oxford University Press, USA.
Owen, F. and Mazal Holocaust Collection (1990) The Germanic people: their origin, expansion, and culture. New York: Dorset Press.
Page, R.I. (1999) An introduction to English runes. 2nd ed. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
Page, R.I., Berkhout, C.T. and Parsons, D. (1995) ‘How Long Did the Scandinavian Language Survive in England? The Epigraphical Evidence’, in Runes and runic inscriptions: collected essays on Anglo-Saxon and Viking runes. Rochester, N.Y.: Boydell Press, pp. 181–196.
Parkes, M.B. (1997) ‘Rædan, areccan smeagan: how the Anglo-Saxons read’, Anglo-Saxon England, 26. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263675100002088.
Parsons, D. et al. (1997) The vocabulary of English place-names. Nottingham: English Place-Name Society, School of English Studies, University of Nottingham.
Parsons, D. (2001) ‘How Long Did the Scandinavian Language Survive in England? Again’, in Vikings and the Danelaw: selected papers from the proceedings of the Thirteenth Viking Congress, Nottingham and York, 21-30 August 1997. Oxford: Oxbow, pp. 299–312.
Parsons, D.N. (1981) ‘The Language of the Anglo-Saxon Settlers’, in Old English and the continental Germanic languages: a survey of morphological and phonological interrelations. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, pp. 141–156.
Pokorny, J. and Partridge, H.B. (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Bern: A. Francke.
Pons-Sanz, S.M. (2013) The lexical effects of Anglo-Scandinavian linguistic contact on Old English. Turnhout: Brepols.
Porter, D.W. (1994) ‘The Latin Syllabus in Anglo-Saxon Monastic Schools’, Neophilologus, 78, pp. 463–482.
Porter, D.W. (1999) ‘The earliest texts with English and French’, Anglo-Saxon England, 28. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263675100002271.
Quirk, R. and Wrenn, C.L. (2001) An Old English grammar. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
Rauch, I. (1992) The Old Saxon language: grammar, epic narrative, linguistic interference. New York: P. Lang.
Rauch, I. (2003) The Gothic language: grammar, genetic provenance and typology, readings. New York: P. Lang.
Raw, B. (1976) ‘The probable derivation of most of the illustrations in Junius II from an illustrated Old Saxon Genesis’, Anglo-Saxon England, 5. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S026367510000082X.
Reaney, P.H. (1960) The origin of English place names. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Renfrew, C. (1989) Archaeology and language: the puzzle of Indo-European origins. London: Penguin Books.
Richards, M.P. (1989) ‘Elements of a Written Standard in the Old English Laws’, in Standardizing English: essays in the history of language change, in honor of John Hurt Fisher. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, pp. 1–22.
Ringe, D.A. (2006) A linguistic history of English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ritt, N. (2003) ‘The Spread of Scandinavian Third Person Plural Pronouns in English: Optimisation, Adaptation and Evolutionary Stability’, in Language contact in the history of English. 2nd, rev. ed edn. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, pp. 279–304.
Roberts, J. (1992) ‘Anglo-Saxon Vocabulary as a Reflection of Material Culture’, in The Age of Sutton Hoo: the seventh century in north-western Europe. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, pp. 185–202.
Roberts, J.A., Kay, C. and Grundy, L. (2000) TOE: A thesaurus of Old English in two volumes. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Robinson, O.W. (1992) Old English and its closest relatives: a survey of the earliest Germanic languages. London: Routledge.
Rolf H. Bremmer (no date) Approaches to Old Frisian (Amsterdamer Beitrage Zur Alteren Germanistik). Editions Rodopi, B.V.
Rothwell, W. (1976) ‘The Role of French in Thirteenth-Century England’, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, 58, pp. 445–466. Available at: https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:1m3022&datastreamId=POST-PEER-REVIEW-PUBLISHERS-DOCUMENT.PDF.
Rothwell, W. (1998) ‘Arrivals and departures: The adoption of French terminology into middle English’, English Studies, 79(2), pp. 144–165. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00138389808599121.
Russom (2002) ‘Dating Criteria for Old English Poems’, in Studies in the History of the English Language: A Millennial Perspective. 1st ed. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, Inc, pp. 245–265. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=325655.
Schmitt, N. and Marsden, R. (2006) Why is English like that?: historical answers to hard ELT questions. Ann Arbor, Mich: University of Michigan Press.
Schützeichel, R. (1995) Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch. 5., überarbeitete und erw. Aufl. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Scragg, D.G. (1974) A history of English spelling. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Seebold, E. (1992) ‘Kentish and Old English Texts from Kent’, in Words, texts and manuscripts: studies in Anglo-Saxon culture : presented to Helmut Gneuss on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, pp. 409–434.
Serjeantson, M.S. (1935) A history of foreign words in English. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Shores, D. l. (1969) ‘The Subject–Noun Object–Verb Pattern in the Peterborough Chronicle’, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 70, pp. 623–626. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=dfa28892-f6c9-e711-80cd-005056af4099.
Shores, D.L. (1970) ‘The Peterborough Chronicle: Continuity and Change in the English Language’, South Atlantic Bulletin, 35(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/3198119.
Short, I. (1996) ‘Tam Angli quam Franci: Self-Definition in Anglo-Norman England’, in Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1995. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, pp. 153–175.
Skeat, W.W. (1911) English dialects from the eighth century to the present day. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Smith, A.H. and English Place-Name Society (1956) English place-name elements. Cambridge: University Press.
Smith, J. (2000) ‘Standard Language in Early Middle English?’, in Placing Middle English in context. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 125–139.
Smith, J.J. (1992) ‘The Use of English: Language Contact, Dialect Variation and Written Standard during the Middle English Period’, in English in its social contexts: essays in historical sociolinguistics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Smith, J.J. (2009) Old English: a linguistic introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stanley, E. (2AD) ‘The Difficulty of Establishing Borrowings Between Old English and the Continental West Germanic Languages’, in An Historic Tongue (RLE: English Language): Studies in English Linguistics in Memory of Barbara Strang (Routledge Library Editions: English Language). Routledge; 1 edition, pp. 3–116. Available at: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Historic-Tongue-RLE-Linguistics-Routledge/dp/1138917443/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1505384781&sr=8-1&keywords=An+Historic+Tongue%3A+Studies+in+English+Linguistics+in+Memory+of+Barbara+Strang.
Stanley, E.G. (2001) ‘Linguistic Self-Awareness at Various Times in the History of English from Old English Onwards’, in Lexis and texts in early English: studies presented to Jane Roberts. Amsterdam: Rodopi, pp. 237–253.
Strang, B.M.H. (1970) A history of English. London: Methuen.
Sweet, H. (1887) A second Anglo-Saxon reader: archaic and dialectal. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Toon, T. (1992) ‘Social and Political Contexts of Language Change in Anglo-Saxon England’, in English in its social contexts: essays in historical sociolinguistics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Toon, T.E. (1992) ‘Old English Dialects’, in The Cambridge history of the English language volume I: The Beginnings to 1066. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 409–451.
Townend, M. (2000) ‘Viking Age England as a Bilingual Society, from:Cultures in contact: Scandinavian settlement in England in the ninth and tenth centuries’, in Cultures in contact: Scandinavian settlement in England in the ninth and tenth centuries. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 89–105.
Townend, M. (2002) Language and history in Viking age England: linguistic relations between speakers of Old Norse and Old English. Turnhout: Brepols.
Trotter, D.A. (2000) Multilingualism in later medieval Britain. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer.
Turville-Petre, T. (1996) England the nation: language, literature, and national identity, 1290-1340. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Valfells, S., Cathey, J.E., and American-Scandinavian Foundation (1981) Old Icelandic: an introductory course. Oxford: Oxford University Press in association with the American-Scandinavian Foundation.
Vallins, G.H. and Scragg, D.G. (1965) Spelling. Rev. ed. London: Andre Deutsch.
Vennemann, T. (2002a) ‘On the Rise of "Celtic” Syntax in Middle English’, in Middle English from tongue to text: selected papers from the Third International Conference on Middle English : Language and Text, held at Dublin, Ireland, 1-4 July 1999. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, pp. 203–234.
Vennemann, T. (2002b) ‘Semitic–Celtic–English: The Transitivity of Language Contact’, in The Celtic roots of English. Joensuu [Finland]: University of Joensuu, Faculty of Humanities, pp. 295–330.
Wakelin, M.F. (1977) English dialects: an introduction. Revised ed. London: Athlone Press.
Watkins, C. (2000) The American heritage dictionary of Indo-European roots. 2nd ed. Boston [Mass.]: Houghton Mifflin.
Watts, V.E. et al. (2004) The Cambridge dictionary of English place-names: based on the collections of the English Place-Name Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Whitelock, D., Clark, C., and Bodleian Library (1954) The Peterborough chronicle: (the Bodleian manuscript Laud misc. 636). Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger.
Wollman, A. (1993) ‘Early Latin loan-words in Old English’, Anglo-Saxon England, 22. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263675100004282.
Wormald, C.P. (1977) ‘The Uses of Literacy in Anglo-Saxon England and Its Neighbours’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 27. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/3679189.
Wright, J. (1892) A primer of the Gothic language: with grammar, notes, and glossary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Wright, J. (1906) An Old High German primer: with grammar, notes and glossary. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Wright, J. (1910) Grammar of the Gothic language: and, The Gospel of St. Mark, selections from the other Gospels and the Second epistle to Timothy, with notes and glossary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Wright, J. and Wright, E.M. (1928) An elementary Middle English grammar. 2nd ed. London: Oxford University Press.
Wright, L. (1995) ‘Middle English {-ende} and {-ing}: A Possible Route to Grammaticalisation’, in Linguistic Change under Contact Conditions. 1st ed. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, Inc, pp. 365–382. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=935907.
Wright, L. (1996) ‘About the Evolution of Standard English’, in Studies in English language & literature: ’doubt wisely’ : papers in honour of E.G. Stanley. London: Routledge, pp. 99–115.
Wyld, H.C.K. (1927) A short history of English: with a bibliography of recent books on the subject, and lists of texts and editions. 3rd ed., rev.enl. London: John Murray.
